Who scored high in masculinity offering higher self-estimates. Both gender and sex-role differences were observed for SEI, with males and participants of both genders They also completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) as a measure of sex-role identification, and measures of general and academic self-esteem. ![]() Participants (N = 228 103 male, 125 female) provided self-estimates of their general IQ and for Gardner’s multiple intelligences, beforeĬompleting the Cattell Culture Fair IQ test as an objective measure of intelligence. The present study explored personality factors that might explain this. This has been termed the male hubris, female humility effect. Despite evidence from cognitive psychology that men and women are equal in measured intelligence, gender differences in self-estimated intelligence (SEI) are widely reported with males providing systematically higher estimates than females.
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